Monday, September 28, 2020

Stiff — The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers, Mary Roach, 2003

Rating:4/5

This is easily the most surprising book that I have read so far this year. First, this book is on cadavers, which is as morbid a topic as one can read on, and yet is quite interesting. Second, this was Roach’s first book and before writing this, she was a journalist — she explains the subject of this book by saying that like all journalists, she’s a voyeur. And finally, for a book on human remains, her writing is refreshingly witty.

Her opening lines hooked me in completely: “The way I see it, being dead is not terribly far off from being on a cruise ship. Most of your time is spent lying on your back. The brain has shut down. The flesh begins to soften. Nothing much new happens, and nothing is expected of you.” She continues in this vein through the book, and in her footnotes — do not miss any of them as they are completely delightful. She explains the reluctance of the churchgoing masses to donate bodies as “who’s going to open the gates of heaven to some slob with his entrails all hanging out and dripping on the carpeting?” In a description on embalming — “opening up an artery, flushing the blood out with water, and pumping in alcohol” — she is reminded of frat parties! 

Her book spans a long history of cadavers and surgery — from the time when “the poor donated themselves as living practice material” to paying tuition at certain Scottish schools in corpses rather than in cash and now to cadaver donations (or willed body programs); or from the era of body snatchers to memorials for cadaver donators. She also explores a range of topics related to cadavers and their uses — from decay, embalming and disposal techniques of corpses to the usage in car safety tests and in airplane crash investigations. She alternates her experiences while researching for the book (which seem to be extensive) with factoids from history, making the book interesting reading. And I learnt new facts as well, such as the ability for a decapitated head to perform most functions for a few seconds! She also raises important questions such as the need for gross anatomy labs given the vast depository of knowledge and the availability of digital models now. Or the moral dilemma of informing families if the cadavers of their near ones are used to test bullets or explosives. Or whether the decision for donations should rest with the donor or the donor’s family (she thinks that the latter should take the call).

Parts of the book can make the reader squeamish, however, such as when she describes the process of decay or embalming with graphic details, even as tries to lighten up the atmosphere with humour. Or the time when crucifixion is described in great detail. The reader needs to be prepared for that. Also, some parts do get trying to read as well. 

The book is enjoyable largely due to her irreverent writing style, even when she speaks about her mother’s cadaver. At one point during her research,  she is told that one should think of severed heads as wax to cope. And I suppose that’s the approach she has taken to write this book — think of everything as wax!

Pros: Surprising, interesting, witty

Cons: Morbid and boring at times

Tuesday, September 15, 2020

The Paper Menagerie & Other Stories, Ken Liu, 2011

Rating: 5/5

This is a collection of 15 short stories, many of them which won awards or were at least nominated, covering a gamut of subjects. The thing that strikes one the most about this collection is the staggering scope of Liu's imagination, and set in different time periods — the stories one about different methods of writing books by different species in the universe, a world in which a person's soul resides in external objects, Chinese legends and magic, a typical serial-killer-detective story, space travel, engineering marvels, atrocities during WWII, and even about a Google-like company. The second thing that strikes the reader is the fact that Liu does not allow his imagination to take precedence over everything else — ultimately, his stories are about sacrifice, awareness, optimism, love, respect for different cultures, and undoing injustices — the magic and the science fiction are just props for the story.

It's extremely difficult to rank the stories in a collection like this, and this ranking would differ from one reader to another. If I had to choose four stories (in the order in which they appear in this collection), the first would be State Change, where everyone has her soul in an object and die when that object ceases to exist. It is a metaphor on how humans never live to their fullest in fear of death, and only when that fear is overcome can they maximise their potential. The second is Literomancy where a young American girl in Taiwan, Lily, meets a young Chinese boy and his kind grandfather who teaches her the art of literomancy (seeking messages from symbols). Lily inadvertently brings bad luck to them but hopes to keep the art alive. The Paper Menagerie explores the relationship between a mother and a son, who have nothing in common, and who are finally bound together by a menagerie of paper animals that magically come to life. And The Litigation Master and the Monkey King is a story of an ordinary man, Tian Haoli, who turns into a hero after protecting a fugitive and preserving a secret that eventually overthrows the Manchu empire. The Monkey King is his imaginary guide and symbolises his conscience all along.

Collections like these usually have some stories that were probably not worth being included. The amazing part of this collection, however, was the fact that I enjoyed 14 of the 15 stories. The only exception for me was The Perfect Match, about a Google-like company called Centillion that started off as a search engine but now controls all aspects of life through AI and data mining. This story discusses the perils of having AI control our lives, a topic that has been done to death in other books and media.

A bonus: don't miss out the episode of the Netflix show, Love, Death & Robots based on the story, Good Hunting. This is a story incorporating Chinese legends and magic, about hulijings who could change their shape from a fox to a bewitching woman and about their hunters. It’s also a story about the transformation of old customs and practices to modern ones. But the story ends on an optimistic note where modernity is used to keep the old traditions alive.

Pros: The wide heterogenity in the stories, the focus on human emotions first and foremost

Cons: One of the stories is jaded (but that's just one of fifteen)

Thursday, September 3, 2020

Unaccustomed Earth, Jhumpa Lahiri, 2008

 

Rating: 5/5

Lahiri derives the title of this collection of short stories from Nathaniel Hawthorne’s quote in The Custom House where he argues that humans, like potatoes, need to be transplanted into “unaccustomed earth” every now and then for them to flourish. The eponymous first story, and the others as well, explore this concept delightfully.

The book has six stories, the last of which is a novella in three parts. While all of them deal with Indian Bengali immigrants in the US and deal with the cultural challenges faced by them (except for Nobody's Business which could have been based on anyone), they deal with different aspects, ranging from guilt, fragility of marriages, a secret romance, alcoholism, cowardice, and redemption. Some of them end on an optimistic note, some end tragically while Lahiri has kept other endings open.

I find it very difficult to rank these stories but if I had to choose the one I enjoyed the most, it would be the eponymous one. Unaccustomed Earth explores the dynamics between a retired first-generation US immigrant, and his daughter, Ruma, who is married to an American and settled in Seattle. Ruma resents her father’s impersonal relationship with his family and her forced relocation to a new city. Her father, on the other hand, feels guilty about the lack of intimacy with his children and the fact that he seems to enjoy life more after his wife’s death. He finds redemption through the advice that he gives his daughter during a week-long stay with her and through his relationship with his young grandson. Ruma’s simple action in the last two lines of the story indicates that she may have put some of her own ghosts to rest as well.

One of the complaints that I’ve come across about her writing is that she’s somewhat monotonous. Her stories are usually centred around Bengali immigrants in the US, the inherent conflicts created by this dual identity and the dynamics of inter-generational relationships. While that is true to some extent, it does not detract from the enjoyment of her writing as each story explores different facets of human relationships. Overall, Lahiri’s writing is simple yet elegant and her stories have several nuances that makes even repeated readings enjoyable. I also found it easy to place myself in the shoes of the various characters and wondered how I would have reacted to similar situations. This book is ideal for a book-reading club.

Pros: Simple and elegant writing, even repeated readings are enjoyable

Cons: Her universe seems limited to immigrant Bengalis in the US